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   <title>Jihaad ul-Kuffaari wal-Munaafiqeen - Greater and Lesser Jihaad...</title>
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<p><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#990000"><font size=+2>GREATER
&amp; LESSER JIHAAD&nbsp;</font></font></font></i></B>
</center><p><center>
            <b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000066"><font size="3" color="#000099">Compiled 
            by Abu Fadl&nbsp;</font></font></font></i></B> <font color="#000099" size="3"><br>
            <b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times">Translated by Br. Khalid 
            Saifullah</font></i></B></font> 
          </center>

<br><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000066"><font size=-1></font></font></font></i></B>&nbsp;</td>
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<br>
&nbsp; 
<center>
  <p><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"><font size="+1" color="#000000">Points 
    raised in this article:</font></font></font></i></B>
</center>

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      <td height="49"> 
        <p><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"><font size="5">T</font><font size="4">he 
          evidence used as proof for establishing that Jihaad against the desires 
          and Shaytaan is Jihaad Akbar, are <u>weak</u>, if not false Hadeeth&nbsp;</font></font></font></i></B></p>
        <p>&nbsp;</p>
      </td>
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      <td><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"><font size="5">A 
        </font><font size="4">man asked the Prophet: 'What is Jihaad?' He (sallallaahu 
        'alayhi wa sallam) replied:&nbsp;</font></font></font></i></B> 
        <center>
          <p><font size="4"><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099">"To 
            fight against the disbelievers when you meet them</font></font></i></B><br></font>
          <p><font size="4"><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099">(on 
            the battlefield).</font></font></i></B></font> </p>
        </center>
        <p><font size="4"><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099">The 
          man then asked: "What kind of Jihaad is the highest?"</font></font></i></B></font><br>
        <p><font size="4"><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"> 
          To which he (sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam) replied:&nbsp;</font></font></i></B> 
          </font> 
        <center>
          <p><font size="4"><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099">"The 
            person who is killed whilst spilling the last of his blood"&nbsp;</font></font></i></B></font>
        </center>
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      <td>
        <p>&nbsp;</p>
        <p><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"><font size="5">I</font><font size="4">t 
          is not only the disbelievers that the Mujaahid must contend with on 
          the battlefield, but he must also fight against his desires which always 
          call him towards evil...&nbsp;</font></font></font></i></B></p>
      </td>
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<br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
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      <td> 
        <font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>It has been said that 
          the opinion of many Muslims regarding Jihaad is that it is of two sorts, 
          namely, <i>Jihaad Akbar</i> (greater) and <i>Jihaad Asghar</i> (lesser). 
          [And many of us believe that] Jihaad <i>Akbar</i> means Jihaad against 
          the desires and <i>Shaytaan</i>, whilst Jihaad <i>Asghar</i> is against 
          the disbelievers on the battlefield.</font></font> 
        <p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>The reasons given for
the above, in regards to Jihaad against the desires and Shaytaan as being
Jihaad Akbar, are as follows:</font></font>
<blockquote>
<li VALUE="1">
<font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Its field of struggle
is unlimited;</font></font></li>

<br>&nbsp;
<li VALUE="0">
<font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>It is timeless and boundless;</font></font></li>

<br>&nbsp;
<li>
<font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>This struggle is hard
because its essence is man against himself;</font></font></li>

<br>&nbsp;
<li>
<font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>The enemy is unseen and
cannot be detected by the five senses,</font></font></li>
</Blockquote>
<font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Whilst the case given
for Jihaad against the disbelievers is not as long, not as extensive and
not as difficult as struggling against the desires. As a result of that,
Jihaad against the disbelievers on the battlefield is regarded as Jihaad
Asghar (i.e. the smaller, or lesser Jihaad). That therefore is the opinion
of many Muslims.&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>The classification
of Jihaad, such as that given above, is based upon a 'Hadeeth' which states
that at the time Rasoolullaah <i><font color="#000099">(sallallaahu 'alayhi
wa sallam)</font></i> returned home from the field of warfare he said:&nbsp;</font></font>
<center>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<i><font color="#000099">We
have all returned from Jihaad Asghar to Jihaad Akbar.</font></i>"&nbsp;</font></font></center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Some Companions asked:
"<i><font color="#000099">What is Jihaad Akbar Rasoolullaah?</font></i>"
[To which] he replied: "<i><font color="#000099">Jihaad against the desires.</font></i>"&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>That therefore is the
proof for the case proposed by many people.</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Al 'Iraqy in <i>Takhriju
Ahadithil Ihya'</i> states:</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<i><font color="#000099">The
mentioned Hadeeth is related by Imaam Bayhaqi with a da'if sanad (weak
chain of narrators) from Jabir</font></i>" </font><i><font size=-1>[Risaalah
Jihaad, Hasan al-Banna]</font></i><font size=+0>.</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Apart from the Hadeeth
related by Imaam Bayhaqi <i><font color="#000099">(rahimahullaah)</font></i>
there is also a Hadeeth related by Al-Khatib Al-Baghadadi from Jabir, which
states: "<i><font color="#000099">The Prophet (sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam),
at the time he returned from a battle said:&nbsp;</font></i></font></font>
<center>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>'<i><font color="#000099">We
have all just returned to the best of places, and you have&nbsp;</font></i></font></font>
<br><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"><font size=+0>returned
from Jihaad Asghar (the lesser Jihaad) to strive in&nbsp;</font></font></font></i>
<br><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><i><font color="#000099">Jihaad
Akbar (the greater Jihaad)</font></i>'.&nbsp;</font></font></center>

        <p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>The Companions asked: 
          '<i><font color="#000099">What is Jihaad Akbar Rasoolullaah?</font></i>' 
          He answered: '<i><font color="#000099">The Jihaad of someone against 
          his desires</font></i>'." </font><i><font size=-1>[Tarikh al Baghadadi 
          13/493]</font></i></font>
        <p>&nbsp;
        <p>&nbsp;
        <p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>It turns out that 
          this Hadeeth is weak also because within its <i>sanad</i> there is a 
          narrator by the name of Khalaf bin Muhammad bin Ismail al Khiyam who, 
          according to Al-Hakim <i><font color="#000099">(rahimahullaah)</font></i>:&nbsp;</font></font> 
        <p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<i><font color="#000099">His
Hadeeths are unreliable.</font></i>"&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>And Abu Ya'la al Khalili
says:</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<i><font color="#000099">He
often adulterates, is very weak and narrates unknown Hadeeth.</font></i>"
</font><i><font size=-1>[Mashariul
'Ashwaq ila Masuril 'Ushshaq 1/31]</font></i></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Al-Hakim and Ibnu Abi
Zur'ah state:&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<i><font color="#000099">We
often write statements from Khalaf bin Muhammad bin Ismail only as an example,
and we remove ourselves of responsibility from him.</font></i>" </font><i><font size=-1>[Mizanul
I'tidal 1/662]</font></i></font>
<center>
          <p>&nbsp;
          <p><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000080"><font size=+1>FALSE</font></font></font></i></B>
        </center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>And even more doubtful
than that, there is within the <i>sanad</i> of this Hadeeth a narrator
by the name of Yahya bin Al Ula Al Bajili who according to Imaam Ahmad
<i><font color="#000099">(rahimahullaah)
</font></i>is a known <i>Kadhdhaab</i> (liar), and forger of Ahadeeth.
Also, Amru bin Ali, An Nasai and Daruqutni state:&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<i><font color="#000099">His
Hadeeth are renounced.</font></i>"&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Ibnu Adi states:&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<i><font color="#000099">His
Hadeeth are false.</font></i>" </font><i><font size=-1>[Refer: Tahdhibut
Tahdhib 11/261-262]</font></i></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Ibnu Taymeeyah <i><font color="#000099">(rahimahullaah)
</font></i>states:&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<i><font color="#000099">There
is a Hadeeth related by a group of people which states that the Prophet
(sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam) said after the battle of Tabuk:&nbsp;</font></i></font></font>
<p><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"><font size=+0>'We
have returned from Jihaad Asghar to Jihaad Akbar'.&nbsp;</font></font></font></i>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><i><font color="#000099">This
hadeeth has no source, nobody whomsoever in the field of Islaamic Knowledge
has narrated it. Jihaad against the disbelievers is the most noble of actions,
and moreover it is the most important action for the sake of mankind.</font></i>"</font><i><font size=-1>
[Refer: Al Furqan baina Auliyair Rahman wa Auliyaisy Shaitaan, matter 44-45]</font></i><font size=+0>.</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Furthermore, besides
the two stated weak Ahadeeth, there is the 'statement' of a <i>Tabi'een</i>
by the name of Ibraheem bin Abi Ablah to people who had returned from battle,
which states:&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<i><font color="#000099">You
have returned from Jihaad Asghar, so is the Jihaad Akbar you intend to
do Jihaad ul qalbi (Jihaad of the heart)?</font></i>" </font><i><font size=-1>[refer
to: Siyaru A'laamin Nubala 6/325]</font></i></font>
        <p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Daruqutni states that 
          Ibrahim bin Abi Ablah himself is believable, but the chain of transmission 
          is broken. </font><i><font size=-1>[Siyaru A'laamin Nubala 6/324]</font></i><font size=+0>. 
          As a result of that, the statement above cannot be attributed to Ibrahim 
          bin -Abi Ablah unless the chain of transmission is authentic. And were 
          we to establish that his statement is really valid, we must understand 
          that he was a normal human being who may have occasionally said something 
          imperfect. He was not <i>infallible</i>.</font></font> 
        <center>
<p><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000080"><font size=+1>The
Highest Level</font></font></font></i></B></center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>On the basis of the
above statements we can conclude by saying, that the evidence used as proof
or the basis for establishing that Jihaad against disbelievers on the battlefield
is Jihaad <i>Asghar</i> and Jihaad against the desires and Shaytaan is
Jihaad <i>Akbar</i>, are weak, if not <i>false</i> Ahadeeth. Besides that
the stated <i>Daleel</i> (evidence) are in opposition to Saheeh Hadeeth,
such as the ones below:</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><b>1)</B> Hadeeth narrated
by Imaam Muslim </font><font size=-1>[Hadeeth No. 4636]</font><font size=+0>
from Abu Hurayrah <i><font color="#000099">(radiallaahu 'anhu)</font></i>,
who said:&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"The Prophet <i><font color="#000099">(sallallaahu
'alayhi wa sallam)</font></i> was asked: '<i><font color="#000099">O Rasoolullaah!
What deed could be an equivalent to Jihaad Fi Sabeelillaah?</font></i>'
He answered:&nbsp;</font></font>
<center>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<b><i><font color="#000099">You
do not have the strength to do that deed.</font></i></B>"&nbsp;</font></font></center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>(The narrator said:)
They repeated the question twice or thrice. Every time he <i><font color="#000099">(sallallaahu
'alayhi wa sallam)</font></i> answered:&nbsp;</font></font>
<center>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<b><i><font color="#000099">You
do not have the strength to do it.</font></i></B>"&nbsp;</font></font></center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>When the question was
asked for the third time, he <i><font color="#000099">(sallallaahu 'alayhi
wa sallam) </font></i>said:&nbsp;</font></font>
<center>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<b><i><font color="#000099">One
who goes out for Jihaad is like a person who keeps fasting, stands in prayer&nbsp;</font></i></B></font></font>
<br><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"><font size=+0>(constantly),
(obeying) Allaah's (behests contained in) the Aayah (of the Qur'aan),&nbsp;</font></font></font></i></B>
<br><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"><font size=+0>and
does not exhibit any lassitude in fasting and praying until the Mujaahid&nbsp;</font></font></font></i></B>
<br><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><b><i><font color="#000099">returns
from Jihad Fi Sabeelillaah.</font></i></B>"&nbsp;</font></font></center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><b>2)</B> There is
also a Hadeeth narrated by Bukhari</font><font size=-1> [Volume 4, Hadeeth
44]</font><font size=+0> from Abu Hurayrah <i><font color="#000099">(radiallaahu
'anhu)</font></i>, who said:&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"A man came to Allaah's
Messenger <i><font color="#000099">(sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam)</font></i>
and said, '<i><font color="#000099">Guide me to such a deed as equals Jihaad
(in reward).</font></i>' He <i><font color="#000099">(sallallaahu 'alayhi
wa sallam) </font></i>replied,&nbsp;</font></font>
<center>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>'<b><i><font color="#000099">I
do not find such a deed.</font></i></B>'&nbsp;</font></font></center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Then he <i><font color="#000099">(sallallaahu
'alayhi wa sallam) </font></i>added,&nbsp;</font></font>
<center>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>'<b><i><font color="#000099">Can
you, while the Mujaahid has gone for Jihaad, enter your&nbsp;</font></i></B></font></font>
<br><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"><font size=+0>masjid
to perform Salaat without ceasing and observe&nbsp;</font></font></font></i></B>
<br><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><b><i><font color="#000099">Sawm
without breaking it?</font></i></B>'&nbsp;</font></font></center>

        <p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>The man said, '<i><font color="#000099">But 
          who can do that?</font></i>'.</font></font>
        
        <p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><b>3</b></font></font><font size=+0><b>)</B> 
          Hadeeth narrated by Al-Hakim with a <i>Saheeh Sanad</i> from Muaz bin 
          Anas <i><font color="#000099">(radiallaahu 'anhu)</font></i> who said:&nbsp;</font></font> 
        <p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"A woman once came
to the Prophet <i><font color="#000099">(sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam)</font></i>
and asked: '<i><font color="#000099">O Rasoolullaah! My husband has departed
for war and usually if he prays I follow him in his Salaat and I follow
him in all his acts of worship. Because of that inform me of an act which
can equal his until he returns.</font></i>'&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>He <i><font color="#000099">(sallallaahu
'alayhi wa sallam)</font></i> said to her:&nbsp;</font></font>
<center>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>'<b><i><font color="#000099">Are
you able to stand without sitting, perform Sawm without&nbsp;</font></i></B></font></font>
<br><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><b><i><font color="#000099">breaking
it and Dhikr until your husband returns?</font></i></B>'&nbsp;</font></font></center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>She replied: '<i><font color="#000099">I
am not strong enough, O Rasoolullaah.</font></i>' So he <i><font color="#000099">(sallallaahu
'alayhi wa sallam)</font></i> said to her:&nbsp;</font></font>
<center>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>'<b><i><font color="#000099">By
Allaah, in whose hand I am, even if you were strong enough&nbsp;</font></i></B></font></font>
<br><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><b><i><font color="#000099">it
would surely not attain one tenth of your husbands deeds.</font></i></B>'"&nbsp;</font></font></center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=-1>[Narrated by Hakim
in Al Mustadrak 2/73. <i>Saheeh Sanad</i> agreed upon by Az Zahabi].</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>From the three Ahadeeth
above we can clearly state that <i>Jihaad Fi Sabeelillaah</i> is the <u>highest</u>
act, and there is no other act to equal it.&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Is it likely
that an act described as the highest act would be labeled Jihaad Asghar;
the small Jihaad or the lesser Jihaad?</font></font></i></B>
<center>
<p><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000080"><font size=+1>Not
War</font></font></font></i></B></center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Possibly there are
people who maintain that the meaning of Jihaad in the Hadeeth narrated
by Bukhari and Muslim does not mean war, or not exactly war. Perhaps there
are those who are of that opinion...</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>As strong proof that
the word 'jihaad' in the above mentioned Hadeeth cannot mean anything else
except war is the Hadeeth narrated by <i>Al-Hakim</i> earlier. Within that
Hadeeth are the words: "<i><font color="#000099">My husband has departed
for <u>war</u>...</font></i>" It is impossible for the word <i>Ghaaziyan</i>
in the above Hadeeth to mean anything except war, no matter which way it
is analysed. Also it is impossible that it would be <i>Ghazwatul Fikri</i>
(i.e. <i>war of the mind</i>).</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>A man asked <i>Rasulullaah<font color="#000099">(sallallaahu
'alayhi wa sallam)</font></i>: "<i><font color="#000099">...and what is
Jihaad?</font></i>" He <i><font color="#000099">(sallallaahu 'alayhi wa
sallam)</font></i> replied:&nbsp;</font></font>
<center>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<b><i><font color="#000099">[That]
you fight against the disbelievers when you meet them (on the battlefield).</font></i></B>"&nbsp;</font></font></center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>He asked again: "<i><font color="#000099">What
kind of Jihaad is the highest?</font></i>" He <i><font color="#000099">(sallallaahu
'alayhi wa sallam)</font></i> replied:&nbsp;</font></font>
<center>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<b><i><font color="#000099">The
person who is killed whilst spilling the last of his blood.</font></i></B>"</font></font>
<br><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=-1>[Narrated by Ahmad
in his Musnad 4/114 - Hadeeth sahih. Al Haithami states:&nbsp;</font></font></i>
<br><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=-1>"<font color="#000099">Narrators
upheld it.</font>" Majmauz Zawaid 1/59]</font></font></i></center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Thus, from the Ahadeeth
of Imaam Bukhari and Imaam Muslim earlier we can clearly see that the one
who is called '<i>Mujaahid Fi Sabeelillaah</i>' is that person who maintains
prayers and fasting without a break, as well as reading the Qur'aan for
the <u>whole</u> time that the <i>Mujaahideen</i> are on Jihaad.</font></font>
<p><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Is there a person
capable of doing this?&nbsp;</font></font></i></B>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><i>Of course not</i>,
as was explained by <i>Rasulullaah</i> <i><font color="#000099">(sallallaahu
'alayhi wa sallam)</font></i>.&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>And that is supposing
there was a person who was capable of maintaining '<i>Mujahadatun Nafsi</i>'
(i.e. <i>Jihaad against the desires</i>) in the hardest and most difficult
way. Indeed the activities of the body during <i>Salaat</i> and the reading
of the Qur'aan embrace external acts, not acts of the heart; not intrinsic
acts. But what if, at the time of these external acts, the heart isn't
against the desires?... It is impossible for someone to be able to <i>truthfully</i>
perform this without being against their desires, never mind taking into
account the performance of <i>Salaat</i>, <i>Saum</i> and the reading of
the Qur'aan continuously.</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Because of that, we
see that in Imaam Nawawi's Book of Jihaad, there are Ahadeeth concerning
external as well as internal acts of Sunnah such as, <i>Salaat</i> at night
which embraces brushing off laziness, standing, bowing and prostrating
for a long time; and other acts including fighting until wounded and dying
as a martyr. </font><i><font size=-1>[Riyadh us Saliheen, Book of Jihaad]</font></i></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>So if perhaps there
is a person capable of performing <i>Mujahadatun Nafsi</i>, that is at
the highest level - <i>Salaat</i>, <i>Saum</i> and reading the Qur'aan
non-stop for as long as some other person goes off to war, and until he
returns - then he is equal to the <i>Mujaahid</i>. [But, once again], <i>is
anyone capable of that?...</i></font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Are there not people
called <i>Mujaahideen</i> who go on <i>Jihaad Fi Sabeelillaah</i> for months,
even <i>years</i>?</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Is it proper, or right
in light of the above evidence, to maintain that <i>Mujahadatun Nafsi</i>
away from the battlefield is '<i>Al Jihaadul Akbar</i>' whilst Jihaad against
the disbelievers is called '<i>Al Jihaadul Asghar</i>'?&nbsp;</font></font>
<center>
          <p>&nbsp;
          <p><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000080"><font size=+1>Inner 
            And Outer Enemies</font></font></font></i></B>
        </center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Within <i>Mujahadatun
Nafsi </i>away from the battlefield, those who follow this are only faced
with <i>one</i> enemy, namely, the unseen enemy: Desire and <i>Shaytaan</i>.
Whereas in <i>Jihaad Fi Sabeelillaah</i>, Jihaad is waged against enemies
on the battlefield, those who follow this are faced with more than one
enemy, namely, the unseen enemy <u>and</u> the <i>seen</i> enemy: i.e.
the disbelievers and the <i>Munaafiqun</i> (hypocrites).</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>And it is not only
the disbelievers that the <i>Mujaahid</i> must contend with on the battlefield,
but he must also fight against his desires which always call him towards
evil. His desires can call on him in various ways to desert the field of
battle by use by fear, doubt, hardship and sadness.</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>The <i>Mujaahid</i>
continuously fights with his desires which always yearn to be fulfilled.
For he faces being far away from his wife and children, eating strange
food, sleeping on the ground instead of in his bed, and many other trials
which are not in accordance with his desires.</font></font>
        <p>&nbsp;
        <p>&nbsp;
        <p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Allaah <i><font color="#000099">(Subhaanahu 
          wa Ta'aala)</font></i> says:&nbsp;</font></font> 
        <center>
<p><b><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>{<i><font color="#990000">Jihaad
is ordained for you though you dislike it, and it may be that&nbsp;</font></i></font></font></B>
<br><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#990000"><font size=+0>you
dislike a thing which is good for you, and that you like a thing&nbsp;</font></font></font></i></B>
<br><b><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><i><font color="#990000">which
is bad for you. Allaah knows but you do not know.</font></i>}</font></font></B>
<br><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000066"><font size=-1>(The
Noble Qur'aan 2:16)</font></font></font></i></B></center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Thus there is the question
of <i>Shaytaan</i>, who always fights against those who perform Jihaad.
And at times such as these, <i>Shaytaan</i> firmly establishes himself
together with his friends, namely, the disbelievers:&nbsp;</font></font>
<center>
<p><b><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>{<i><font color="#990000">Those
who Believe, fight in the Cause of Allaah, and those who disbelieve,&nbsp;</font></i></font></font></B>
<br><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#990000"><font size=+0>fight
in the cause of Taaghoot. So fight you against the friends of Shaytaan;&nbsp;</font></font></font></i></B>
<br><b><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><i><font color="#990000">ever
feeble indeed is the plot of Shaytaan.</font></i>}</font></font></B></center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>And the way in which
<i>Shaytaan</i>
fights against the <i>Mujaahideen</i> is - amongst others - by inflaming
the passions of the disbelievers and the <i>Mushrikun</i> to fight against
the Muslims, and by weakening the resolve of the Muslims or <i>Mujaahideen</i>
so that they feel reluctant and scared to fight against the disbelievers:&nbsp;</font></font>
<center>
<p><b><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>{<i><font color="#990000">And
(remember) when Shaytaan made their (evil) deeds seem fair</font></i></font></font></B>
<br><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#990000"><font size=+0>to
them and said, "No one of mankind can overcome you this Day&nbsp;</font></font></font></i></B>
<br><b><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><i><font color="#990000">and
verily, I am your neighbour...</font></i>}</font></font></B></center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Ibn 'Abbas <i><font color="#000099">(radiallaahu
'anhum)</font></i> stated:&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<i><font color="#000099">In
the battle of Badr, Iblis came and carried their banner together with the
army and group of Shaytaan. He came in the form of a man from the Bani
Mudlaj by the name of Suraqah bin Malik bin Ju'shum, and said to the Mushrikun:&nbsp;</font></i></font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><i><font color="#000099">'None
of mankind is able to defeat you this day, and I am your protector.'</font></i>"</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>So at the time those
men assembled, <i>Rasulullaah</i> <i><font color="#000099">(sallallaahu
'alayhi wa sallam)</font></i> gathered a handful of dust and threw it into
the faces of the <i>Mushrikun</i> which forced them to retreat. When <i>Jibreel</i>
came, Iblis saw him and released his grip on the <i>Mushrikun</i> and ran
away together with his followers. Those who had been in his grip called
out:&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<i><font color="#000099">O
Suraqah! You agreed to protect us.</font></i>" Iblis answered:&nbsp;</font></font>
<center>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<i><font color="#000099">Indeed,
I see what you do not see, and I fear Allaah, and Allaah is hard in His
punishment.</font></i>"</font></font>
<br><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=-1>[Hadeeth mauqaf
narrated by Ibnu Jarir at Tabari]</font></font></i></center>

        <p>&nbsp;
        <p>&nbsp;
        <p>&nbsp;
        <p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><br>
          Furthermore, the way in which <i>Shaytaan</i> tries to weaken the resolve 
          of those who perform Jihaad can be</font></font><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0> 
          found in a Hadeeth narrated by Imaam Ahmad:&nbsp;</font></font> 
        <p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Sabrah bin Al Faqih
states: "<i><font color="#000099">I heard Rasulullaah (sallallaahu 'alayhi
wa sallam) say:&nbsp;</font></i></font></font>
<center>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<b><i><font color="#000099">Indeed
Shaytaan waits to deter mankind... so Shaytaan waits in the way of&nbsp;</font></i></B></font></font>
<br><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"><font size=+0>Jihaad.
He says to the person who intends Jihaad: "Do you want to perform</font></font></font></i></B>
<br><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"><font size=+0>Jihaad,
when Jihaad destroys the soul and finishes off your wealth?&nbsp;</font></font></font></i></B>
<br><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"><font size=+0>Do
you want to fight, when you can be killed, your wife can&nbsp;</font></font></font></i></B>
<br><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><b><i><font color="#000099">remarry
and your wealth be divided?</font></i></B>"..."&nbsp;</font></font>
<br><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=-1>[Musnad Ahmad 3/483.
Isnad hasan]</font></font></i></center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Based on the above
explanations, we can surmise that with the strength of desire and that
of <i>Shaytaan</i>; to be fought against in the field of Jihaad by the
<i>Mujaahid</i>
is far superior and more aggressive than that faced by those outside the
field of Jihaad.</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>In other words: <i>Mujahadatun
Nafsi</i> in the field of <i>Jihaad</i> is much harder than <i>Mujahadatun
Nafsi</i> in some other place. So, is it more appropriate that Jihaad against
the disbelievers - which in its essence cannot be separated from <i>Mujahadatun
Nafsi </i>- be regarded as Jihaad Asghar whilst <i>Mujahadatun Nafsi </i>outside
the field of Jihaad - where the only enemy is the unseen - be regarded
as Jihaad Akbar?...&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Abu Hurayrah <i><font color="#000099">(radiallaahu
'anhu) </font></i>narrated:&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<i><font color="#000099">A
Companion passed by a valley wherein was a well with refreshing water which
surprised him. After [seeing it] he said: 'Supposing I removed myself from
the company of people and I lived in this place (for the purpose of 'ibaadah)...
but I couldn't do that until I received permission from Rasulullaah (sallallaahu
'alayhi wa sallam). Would that not be the most eminent thing to do towards
Rasulullaah (sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam)?'&nbsp;</font></i></font></font>
<p><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"><font size=+0>The
Prophet (sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam) said:&nbsp;</font></font></font></i>
<center>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>'<b><i><font color="#000099">Don't
do that, because the existence of one from amongst you Fi Sabeelillaah
is&nbsp;</font></i></B></font></font>
<br><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"><font size=+0>more
eminent than Salaat made at home for 70 years. Don't you want to receive</font></font></font></i></B>
<br><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"><font size=+0>forgiveness
from Allaah and for Him to allow you into Jannah?&nbsp;</font></font></font></i></B>
<p><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"><font size=+0>Ughzuu
Fi Sabeelillaah! (i.e. Wage war in the way of Allaah!), [for] whoever&nbsp;</font></font></font></i></B>
<br><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#000099"><font size=+0>fights
in the way of Allaah for as long as it takes a camel to recover from&nbsp;</font></font></font></i></B>
<br><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><b><i><font color="#000099">one
milking to the next, surely Jannah is obligatory for him.</font></i></B>'"</font></font>
<br><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=-1>[Narrated by Tirmidhi
and he said: Hadeeth hasan, Baihaqi and&nbsp;</font></font></i>
<br><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=-1>Al-Hakim said:
Sahih according to Muslim's methods]</font></font></i></center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>In the last Hadeeth
there is a very clear authoritative quotation which abrogates the supposition
of those people concerning <i>Jihaad Akbar</i>. Because indeed the Companion
who related this Hadeeth asked permission from <i>Rasulullaah</i> <i><font color="#000099">(sallallaahu
'alayhi wa sallam)</font></i> to perform Jihaad <i>against the desires</i>
by distancing himself from other people, but the Prophet <i><font color="#000099">(sallallaahu
'alayhi wa sallam)</font></i> did not give him permission to do so and
moreover <i>forbade</i> him, and pointed out to him something far more
eminent than that.</font></font>
        <p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><br>
          Then, in that Hadeeth also, there exists an important point which should 
          be received and noticed, and namely it is this:&nbsp;</font></font> 
        <p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>In Truth, the <i>Mujaahid
Fi Sabeelillaah</i> is included amongst those who receive glad tidings
about <i>Jannah</i> whether they are killed or not killed, because of what
our Messenger <i><font color="#000099">(sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam)
</font></i><font color="#000000">has</font><i><font color="#000099">
</font></i>said:&nbsp;</font></font>
<center>
<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>"<i><font color="#000099"><b>Whoever
fights Fi Sabeelillaah, even for a brief time </B>(i.e. the time&nbsp;</font></i></font></font>
<br><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0><i><font color="#000099">between
the two milkings of a camel)<b>, Jannah is assured for them.</B></font></i>"</font></font></center>

<p><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>With all of these explanations,
it proves that to interpret Jihaad <i>Akbar</i> as being the Jihaad against
desires and Shaytaan, whilst interpreting Jihaad <i>Asghar</i> as being
the Jihaad against the disbelievers, is <i>absolutely</i> invalid, since
by saying this, it invalidates the meaning of the <i>Sanad</i> of those
Hadeeth which invalidate it.&nbsp;</font></font>
<p><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font size=+0>Wallaahu a'alam...</font></font></i></B></td>
</tr>
</table></center>

<br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
<center><table BORDER=2 BACKGROUND="back-veins.jpg" bordercolordark="#808080" bordercolorlight="#C0C0C0" >
<tr>
<td WIDTH="440">
<center><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#660000"><font size=-1>[This
article was originally published in the Islaamic Magazine,</font></font></font></i></B>
<br><b><i><font face="Times New Roman,Times"><font color="#660000"><font size=-1><a href="http://www.islam.org.au">Nida'ul
Islam</a> (http://www.islam.org.au)</font></font></font></i></B></center>
</td>
</tr>
</table></center>

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